Leadership Goals Leadership And Leadership Assessment Essay

In today’s ever-changing business of people on the team challenging respect and the undertone of the management team to show them that they are cared for and that what they do for the company matters. it is more important than ever that knowledgeable managers are also extraordinary leaders. While being a leader may not be easy, it is something that all managers need to strive to accomplish the same goal for the team and that is to succeed . All the way through constant schooling and practice every manager can hone in on their leadership skills. During the reading and the Leadership Assessment, there are five leadership philosophy s that are most important to today s leaders including creating a sense of responsibility, education, ability to lead by example, giving praise where it does, and understanding. If today’s managers apply these five principles, they will be well on their way to being exceptional leaders. Through these five principles and what was learned in the Leadership Assessment , I was able to see the role and the actions of what a leader should do so that they will follow the guidelines on what makes a great leader. Leadership Theory: Leadership is â€Å"the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organization†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (House R.J., 1999, pg. 184). As a result leadership does not mean the trait or action of a leader, but a glide of finishing and opportunity of newShow MoreRelatedLeadership Style and Personality Assessment1290 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 1 Assignment Leadership Style and Personality Assessment Anioushka G-Saint Cyril HA510 Professor Yu-Wei Yang August 4, 2015 There are many leadership styles and is important to know which style you are. There are many ways one can learn their leadership style, for example, through assessments. Knowing your leadership style will help you become a better leader. Although there are many leadership assessments our text discussed four assessments that can give insights into building blocksRead MoreWhat Is My Frame?1153 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is my frame? Upon assessment with the tool provided, my results reflected that I have a somewhat balanced orientation that doesn t lean strongly toward any one of the four approaches. Leadership Orientations Self-Assessment: The results for raw scores and percentile scores for each of the four frames (Figure 1) reflect the numbers hovering almost around 50 percentiles. As per tool assessment this result indicates almost balanced orientation towards all the frames. The characteristics of fourRead MoreImportance Of Self Concept : The Golden Profile Personality Assessment Created By Dr. John Golden And Gallup Strengths973 Words   |  4 Pagesincreased employee engagement thereby increasing innovation and higher levels of task performance. Self concept assessments Two self concept assessments were completed. The Golden Profile personality assessment created by Dr. John Golden and Gallup Strengths Finder assessment (Golden 2015; Gallup, 2014). The results of the Strengths Finder assessment show that I prefer to accomplish goals and tasks with people, I enjoy deep relationships, empathizing with others, including individuals who may notRead MoreLeadership Development Pl Assessment1100 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Development Plan: Assessment Introduction What is the outcome of the leadership development plan? Was the plan successful? What could have been better executed within the plan? These are questions that need answers when assessing and measuring the effectiveness of a leadership development plan. In order to effectively measure the outcome of the plan, the correct tools must be utilized. Multi-source toolkits are often utilized to measure the effectiveness of the plan and its outcomesRead MoreTime Management Assessment And Concepts1107 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing able to plan, organize, delegate and implement those plans at work will help us to be more effective with our time management (Said, 2014). Time Management Assessment and Concepts The Time Management Assessment questionnaire opened my eyes to my lack of time management skills. From this self-assessment, I gathered that goal setting and prioritization are my weakest areas and there is much need for improvement. Some tips on time management that I learned about in our textbook readings andRead MoreReflection on Leadership1795 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership is defined as a process of increased social influence that exploits the efforts of others to accomplish certain goals or vision. It is derived from social influence, and not power or authority. Leaders motivate, inspire, convince, and coach others towards a certain vision. Leadership dwells on emotional intelligence that is the ability to manage oneself and one’s relationships. Emotional intelligence is achieved through social skill, self-awareness, self-management, and social-awarenessRead MoreLeadership Assessment : Your Friendly Neighborhood 21542 Words   |  7 PagesLEADERSHIP ASSESSMENT: YO UR FRIENDLY NEIGHBORHOOD 2 â€Å"One, two, you’re a three, and you’re a four, and five, six† my third grade teacher said as she numbered off my classmates. She got closer, â€Å"One, and you’re a two, and you’re a three Jillian†. It was my first official group project, I quickly walked over to the corner of the room the join the other three’s. The project was to do a report on a native american tribe and their dwellings. The two’s had plains indians (tepees, darn, I wanted that one)-Read MoreLeadership Development : A Strategic Approach820 Words   |  4 PagesFuture Leadership Development Consequently, leadership development requires that organizations take a strategic approach such as coaching, training programs, mentoring, and/or virtual learning. A critical analysis and evaluation of what I learned regarding leadership development is that organizations must evaluate organizational needs and individual skills and competencies; assess an individual readiness to learn; create performance measures and evaluation criteria to measure training and learningRead MoreApplying Organizational Consulting Strategies At The Organizational Consultancy And Assessment Course898 Words   |  4 Pagesthe skills and learning I have acquired from the Organizational Consultancy and Assessment course. In addition to bring together knowledge obtain from the Foundations of Leadership class. The courses of Organizational Consultancy and Assessment and Foundations of Leadership should present clarification that as a student that I will be capable providing support in the areas of in t he areas of organizational leadership, conflicts, communication, ethics, and employee motivation and team managementRead MoreUnderstanding Human Behavior Is Critical to Organizations - Discuss the Benefits of Self Evaluation/Self Assessment as It Relates to Leaders Today.1208 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss the benefits of self evaluation/self assessment as it relates to leaders today. Effective leadership is one critical aspect for organizations today. Pursuing high levels of effective leadership, leaders need to measure their skills and capabilities against different leadership dimensions. This will help leaders to spot dimensions that need enhancement and others that need development. This paper will discuss the benefits of leader’s self-assessment of different dimensions with focus on those

“Budget Cuts” The leading problem facing our educational System Adriana Cruz Free Essays

Budget cut has been the leading problem facing our educational system today. I think that students should be given top priority to learn, excel and benefit from school and not depriving them of their right to learn. Budget cuts in education will mean lesser funding for students in classrooms, the classroom will have a bigger student population and the school maintenance will have lesser spending. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Budget Cuts† The leading problem facing our educational System Adriana Cruz or any similar topic only for you Order Now Budget cut in education in California will not benefit the students of California, and this will include my three school age children, who will suffer the consequences of such cuts. Each student is allocated a certain amount of money for one school year which includes reference materials like books and library materials. I started noticing how my kids had to share supplies such as books and little things as color pencils. Teachers were sharing supplies between them as well such as projectors, computers and television. I think that’s when I started to understand the big impact that the budget was having on schools. With a lesser budget, there will be limited resources for each student. We decided to move to South County, where according to the media, schools were given more funds than in the Northern part. We had to raise our expenses such as rent and food in order to give our children a better education. Unfortunately things are starting to look the same. I am mystified there is not more outrage about this issue. No money for counselors, paper or textbooks? No lunchtime aides, which means inadequate supervision? How can this even be legal? I hear all the people say the system is broken, and we need to fix it, but not on the backs of our children. Research shows that class size makes a huge difference in the quality of education for students for several reasons. Forcing educators to teach large classes increases the possibility of disruptions and decreases the ability of an educator to help struggling students. The current trend of using cooperative learning groups becomes hard to manage in large classes. I have a dyslexic child who really needs to be part of learning groups and a lot of support to succeed in school. . Unfortunately, these programs, which help keep educators abreast of new teaching methods and techniques, suffer from limited funds. As a result, students suffer too. It makes me really sad knowing that funding issues prevent districts from hiring more educators and many are providing less professional development opportunities. I have also noticed that school infrastructure showed to suffer the most in areas like restrooms, graffiti-covered walls, internal heating and cooling, classrooms and desks. I have to personally pay for sports uniforms more than other school items. With all these budget cuts I am sure that cleanliness, repairs of roofs and chairs, paints and classroom supplies will be most likely affected. They don’t seem to realize that a clean and safe surrounding will be very much conducive to learning because a student who is in this kind of environment will be able to concentrate more. There is a noticeable discrepancy between what us as parents and students think schools should cut versus what school officials have on their to-ax lists. The top three items we think schools should cut are school newspaper or broadcast outlets, summer school and field trips, in that order. The last items on students’ â€Å"should-cut† lists, starting from the bottom, are teachers, administrators, guidance counselors and sports. All items that schools have shown to most commonly choose to cut first. As a mother of three, the education of my children is one of my highest priorities. Like every parent, I want the best for my kids. I want them in good classrooms with good teachers where they will flourish, and by the time they graduate high school, will be prepared for the challenges the future will bring them. I feel that student’s ability to reach their academic potential should not be determined by the school they attend, all schools should provide the same quality of education, regardless of the neighborhood or financial status of the parents. I think that education is the basis for future growth, protection, and development of any nation. I do not understand why school districts should take hits of cuts when we have legislators giving themselves raises. Every student, no matter their background, deserves a fully prepared and qualified teacher, a quality education with proper resources, and the right infrastructure. How to cite â€Å"Budget Cuts† The leading problem facing our educational System Adriana Cruz, Papers

A Motel for Myself (and My Cat) free essay sample

My creative space sports a gruesome sight.Fairly so: that would be the way to describe the process, be the story horror or fantasy or realistic fiction.My journal holds notes so pressed into the margins that they might pop.The keyboard grieves for one, two, three†¦ twelve letters.The keys themselves remain but their labels are long gone.I have a Vigenere table crammed next to my mouse pad, cat treats hiding in the penumbra of my monitor, a stray hoodie string, a raven pendant that needs repainting, my Bamboo graphics tablet on its throne, a long-dead calculator on the tower, the mess of cords that make up my ‘electronics basket’, a scintilla of belligerently colored sticky notes, and myriads more all eating up the space.My poor wireless adapter and the phone stand named Phil have fallen over.Only the finest books can claim the glory of sitting with me here in the chair – Photoshop for Dummies, Michael Grant’s Light, a classic or two, a bit of Rick Rior dan. We will write a custom essay sample on A Motel for Myself (and My Cat) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To say that I find myself content would not be wrong.To say I find myself content with this setup would also prove true†¦ but only because I know I will not have it for much longer. Should something rip the motion from this picture, I would wilt internally.In my future, I know I will forever carry the humbling disorganization, but nothing more.I have no wish to keep the old computer for my whole life, nor to forever own the calculator.The books on my chair and tower will, one day, have my name and artwork gleaming on their covers, too.Imagine the possibilities; horror, fantasy, sci-fi, perhaps even a realistic fiction†¦And I know that if I stand still, I will never get there.The thought sparks an instinctual fear that makes breathing difficult.Stillness belongs to corpses. Simply saying ‘practice makes perfect’ seems obvious and redundant to most at this point, or so I hope.Of course my makeshift desk now will lead to a real one later, and the letters gone from my keyboard will reappear in a book, and that every stroke mark on my tablet grows chronologically smoother.No, the greatest value to these things and the homework that joins the rave every night lies a little deeper.My self-taught hobbies, though the methods have proven common among artists of many sorts, taught me the first thing; when one self-teaches, she teaches about herself.I know now why I’m disorganized and why I don’t mind.I know now that I like horror and fantasy.I know of the ambition I hold on to beyond reason and I know why I don’t mind.I know now how to push myself forward even when my work seems moribund.And the first step in learning any new game is knowing your pieces, and knowing your moves. There is no difference in school; its meaning goes well beyond college and job applications.Even the value of knowledge itself would be another crusty, redundant recital.From kindergarten on, homework taught me that that a dose of effort can reap rewards.Friends and enemies taught me the basics of social skills.Projects and the all-nighters that scream of stress and calluses razing along a pencil’s path in a hand’s nimble fingers have whispered about perseverance.If the lack of a creative writing club doesn’t halt my fingers, what will?If I retain the same courage that drives me to take AP classes now, then what challenge or deadline or project will force a retreat from me? And if the things one does now teach her not to fear challenges or risks or life, what will stand in her way? I feel the need to specify that last part; what could possibly stand and remain in her way? We have come to use the word ‘easy’ far too casually, and I doubt that as much as I can see the surface of this makeshift desk.But if there is one thing I have earned the right to call myself in my brief and uneventful sixteen years, it would be ‘writer.’And a writer knows that the upcoming negative space holds only opportunity, and will never relinquish the lethal human hold on the ability to write her own ending.

World Heritage Sites Assignment Essay Example

World Heritage Sites Assignment Essay Australia was the seventh country to approve the convention, in 1974. In Australia, the federal government is responsible for the nomination of World Heritage sites. However, governments do not decide whether a site in their country is inscribed on the World Heritage List. That decision is made by the World Heritage Committee, a group of elected representatives of 21 of the States Parties based at UNESCO headquarters in Paris. What is the difference between a cultural site and a natural site? The difference between a cultural site and a natural site is Cultural heritage sites are man- made sites which reflect the culture of our human ancestors like the Pyramids of Egypt or the Great Wall of China. Natural heritage sites are sites that is created by natural forces and reflects the natural wonders like the Grand Canyon or the Great Barrier Reef. 2. Location and Map Location of Hyde Park Barracks on world map Location of Hyde park Barracks on a local map 3. Site Information Hyde Park Barracks Information The Hyde Park Barracks are where the convicts from the First Fleet lived. It is now a popular place for tourists and locals to go because it is extremely interesting to see how the convicts lived and went about their daily lives. What is special about the Hyde Park Barracks? What I think is special about the Hyde park Barracks is that it is part Of our history as a nation. If we were to destroy it, we would destroy part of our history as Australians. Why was it given World Heritage Status? Think it was given World Heritage Status because if we destroyed it we would to be able to replace it and that would be to destroy part of our history, part of us. We will write a custom essay sample on World Heritage Sites Assignment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on World Heritage Sites Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on World Heritage Sites Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also it would be getting rid of an interesting tourist attraction. 4. Site Management How is the site currently managed? The site is managed by the Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales as a museum open to the public for a small fee. Are there any problems associated with tourism or environmental damage?

Free Essays on Daily Deviance;s Base

Daily Deviance’s Base The medium of television has had a drastic change on the communication of our society. From television, our society has developed what we consider pop culture. In it’s beginning’s, television, portrayed society from an idealist’s standpoint. Television producers thought they had the responsibility of creating idealistic family’s and lives, from which society could gather what should be â€Å"normal†. However, over the course of the last half century, television has grown drastically in its influence, and what programming is about. The programs of yesteryear promoted family values, loyalty, and love. Today’s programs promote promiscuous sex, violence, and cheating to get your way. Not that television is totally to blame, but, it has certainly played the largest role of any medium in what our society considers deviance, and normalcy. In the 1950’s television programming was aimed at families. After a long day at work or school, a family could sit down together after dinner, and enjoy an hour of television together. At least that was the theory anyway. Programs were aimed at the entire family, teaching values to children while still entertaining adults. Programs such as â€Å"Leave it to Beaver†, and â€Å"Lassie†, were designed to teach our society how to be honest, caring, and other values. They were very popular, but the public’s demand for more television programs, combined with the network’s desire for more profit’s changed the programming. In time programming grew from just a few hours a night to all day long. With the advent of longer hours came new shows, and more networks. Each network brought a new creative idea to the table, and changed the norm of the â€Å"Cleaver’s† home life. In the 1960’s television saw many changes. The largest of which was very controversial at first. In an episode of â€Å"The Flintstones†, Wilma and Fred were shown sleeping in the same ... Free Essays on Daily Deviance;s Base Free Essays on Daily Deviance;s Base Daily Deviance’s Base The medium of television has had a drastic change on the communication of our society. From television, our society has developed what we consider pop culture. In it’s beginning’s, television, portrayed society from an idealist’s standpoint. Television producers thought they had the responsibility of creating idealistic family’s and lives, from which society could gather what should be â€Å"normal†. However, over the course of the last half century, television has grown drastically in its influence, and what programming is about. The programs of yesteryear promoted family values, loyalty, and love. Today’s programs promote promiscuous sex, violence, and cheating to get your way. Not that television is totally to blame, but, it has certainly played the largest role of any medium in what our society considers deviance, and normalcy. In the 1950’s television programming was aimed at families. After a long day at work or school, a family could sit down together after dinner, and enjoy an hour of television together. At least that was the theory anyway. Programs were aimed at the entire family, teaching values to children while still entertaining adults. Programs such as â€Å"Leave it to Beaver†, and â€Å"Lassie†, were designed to teach our society how to be honest, caring, and other values. They were very popular, but the public’s demand for more television programs, combined with the network’s desire for more profit’s changed the programming. In time programming grew from just a few hours a night to all day long. With the advent of longer hours came new shows, and more networks. Each network brought a new creative idea to the table, and changed the norm of the â€Å"Cleaver’s† home life. In the 1960’s television saw many changes. The largest of which was very controversial at first. In an episode of â€Å"The Flintstones†, Wilma and Fred were shown sleeping in the same ...

5 Simple Ways to Building a Great Reputation at Work

5 Simple Ways to Building a Great Reputation at Work Your good reputation is something you should start to cultivate right out of the gate in your first job, and continue to build and protect throughout your career. The better your reputation, the easier it will be for you to move up and keep going in the direction of your dreams. Here are  5 simple ways to building a great reputation at work so you can continue to cultivate your reputation and move up in the world.1. Earn before you askYou know you’re going to do good work and be an asset. You also know you’re going to need to ask for a favor now and then- some PTO, an extra privilege. Have a bit of patience and wait to ask for these perks until you’ve really proven yourself. Show your reliability and don’t ask for anything until you’ve earned it. Down the line, you’ll find you have much more leeway.2. Take initiativeTackle that big project without being asked to do so first. You won’t always get specific assignments, and you certainl y won’t get graded feedback. Think beyond your immediate to-do list and figure out what you could do to help the company- and yourself grow. Sometimes this is as simple as cleaning out the supply closet and earning a few brownie points.3. Be tactfulEven when you’re right, it’s best to couch your opinions with a bit of politicking and humility. Wait to bluster around until you’ve earned that position with battle-tested experience. At the beginning at least, be tactful and try not to come off as an insufferable know-it-all.4. Keep work first with work friendsSome of your best adulthood friends will be friends you make in the workplace. But keep in mind that, at least while you work together, these are professional relationships first and foremost. Even if the company seems totally close-knit, don’t leap into intimate secret telling too quickly. Let it happen naturally. Keep your cards a bit closer to your chest until you’re on more solid groun d.5. Get it doneAsking for help and getting clarifying instructions from your supervisor is a great idea, particularly in your first few weeks, and particularly when you’re still learning the ropes. But after a certain amount of time, you need to learn when to just figure it out and get it done, rather than running to your boss. Remember, they hired you to do the job, not so they could hold your hand.

U03d2 Process Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U03d2 Process Analysis - Essay Example s a very organized and effective manner of testing how the processes are completed and the step by step process involved in completion of the processes. There are a few steps that are constant for almost all businesses while performing a process analysis. These include the definition and objective of the study, followed by a detailed documentation of the performance measures used within an organization and a thorough assessment and performance evaluation of the processes. Also the main step that is included is the development of the recommendations for the company and how the company can improve the overall processes in a more effective and efficient manner (Walker & Carayon, 2009). There are a number of companies and organizations that use this on a regular basis to help ensure that the processes are value adding rather than in any manner useless for the overall effectiveness of the company. Also the main intension of the process analysis is to use the best and most effective method while also concentrating on the possible errors and mistakes. There are also a number of tools that are present that can be applied to the health care management to ensure that all the processes are clear and well developed. Considering the various tools and based on the needs of the health care industry, it is clear that one of the tools that will help with the overall objective of the organization is mistake proofing and the Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). This can be applied to the industry and the organization and processes can be improved to help eliminate the mistakes and errors in the overall operations. A health care sector requires extra care and effort to ensure that the mistakes are nil as the serious nature of the service. Hence implementing the Failure mode and effects analysis model as well as the mistake proofing will help ensure a safer and more effective place for the customers and the general public as well (Jeston & Nelis, 2008). The use of these

IT Project Risk Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

IT Project Risk Management - Research Paper Example Additionally, efficient and successful project management requires effective management of all avenues that bring uncertainty into the project. The paper is structured into phases that outline how project risk management typology can be achieved effectively. The phases include the define phase, focus phase, identify issue-phase, Structure the Issues phase, Clarify ownership phase, Estimate Variability phase, Evaluate Overall Implications phase, and manage implementation phase. Currently, knowledge has been earmarked as an indispensable ingredient to innovative companies and to their overall objective of maintaining a competitive advantage over their rivals. In particular, knowledge has become an important factor in the development of dynamic key competencies, as well as the vocal point for companies to meet their global ambitions (Talet, Zin & Houari, 2014). IT, in particular, has become an important tool in all-important sectors, and any organization will highly feel the impact of any failure of IT project management on competitive advantage. California Technology Agency (2011) asserts that most of the business managers are not privy of the magnitude IT-related risks in projects management a firm will be exposed. Most of these managers are only able to learn the value of IT-related risks after they have computed the amount of damage the risk has brought about. According to Leong California Technology Agency, (2011) past research studies have primarily be en concerned with how effective IT-related risks may be analyzed and compensated for. Therefore, it would be imperative for IT managers constantly to embrace the holistic view of IT project risk management rather than just focusing only on financial issues. There exist little empirical research studies showing the correct way of handling the management of the IT-related projects risks during the launching of the project. Though a myriad of studies have been done in regards to I.T project risk

My Reflection Essay Example for Free

My Reflection Essay From the beginning of our life we do not own anything but we have to strive harder in order to survive. The story of Ben Carson, when he is a student he was bullied and was tempted by his classmate to do bad thing but still his mother did not lack of reminding his children to be still. And because of that his mother let his children realized of how hard she is working well in order to survive with their school. Then he tried his best in school, aim high for his dream†¦ see more:san andreas movie summary My reflection on this movie, for I am still a student †¦I will try my very best to do good in school, I will try not to be tempted from wrongdoings ,I will try my best to make my parents proud on me. And do let them get angry, by Ben Carson I was touch by his story that despite of being nothingHe really study hard to fulfill his dream and I have to encourage myself to be same as Ben Carson†¦ I will reflect this to myself for I am still a student, this movie will motivate me from my studying. Give importance and effort to all my subjects so that I can pass. Control myself not to be tempted from wrongdoings. And I will try my best to make my parents proud of methis movie is a really touching story†¦we should have a determination to be a successful person. For me, I will do my best to achieve my goal also to finish my school.

Beneficial Results of a Tactical Failure :: Personal Narrative Ceramics Essays

Beneficial Results of a Tactical Failure When I first examined this assignment, I decided that I would make some piece of pottery that I believed would have been useful to my ancestors. I wanted to make something simple, as I had no experience working with clay. I thought that a small bowl capable of holding a small amount of water would be my best bet. However, when I arrived at Aura Ceramics my intentions changed. Once I sat down to make my pottery, I decided to make something I thought would have been useful to hunter-gatherer societies, to the individuals that first utilized pottery. I tried to imagine what sorts of vessels would have been a necessity to these people. I concluded that a larger container capable of carrying water over distances would have been more useful than a smaller bowl. I wanted to make a container large enough to transport water. It needed to be light enough to carry for long periods of time. And, it would have to be durable so as not to crack or spill water while being transported. With these thoughts in mind, I began molding my clay. I started by making a fairly large basin that I estimated would have held just under a gallon of water. I figured that would have been sufficient for an individual's daily consumption. Next, I began condensing the top of the vessel into a small neck-like form in which something like a cork could be placed to prevent water from spilling out once inside the pottery. Finally, above the neck, I molded a funnel. The funnel would have made scooping and filling this container with water from an open source much easier. Unfortunately, my creation did not survive the heating process, so I do not have a finished product to demonstrate. However, I can best describe the container as looking much like a spittoon with a smaller opening at the neck of the container. After observing the transitions which the pots my classmates made went through, I can conclude that my container would have been useful to early hunters and gatherers. After the pottery was processed in the kiln it weighed less than it had when the clay was wet. Judging the differential in these weights from the other students' creations, I believe my finished product, with the gallon of water it was meant to hold, would have weighed around ten pounds.

Of Mice and Men Discrimination

Discrimination Essay Discrimination and prejudice references in the book, Of Mice and Men, reflect on the several characters lives. The biggest impacts of discrimination take its rest on Candy, Crooks, Lennie, and Curley’s wife. All of them are discriminated for different reasons. People are treated worse by the ranch simply because they are different. Candy is one of the oldest workers on the ranch and struggles to keep up with the pace of the other workers. The other workers are younger, stronger, and more energetic than Candy. Many of the ranch hands get mad at him and call him, â€Å"Good for nothing. They talk behind his back at what a bad worker he is. Candy only having one hand slows him down ever more so. Candy knows that his days are coming and feels like he can’t keep up. Added onto his discrimination, is his â€Å"best friend† attitude towards his old, smelly dog. He tells the ranch that the dog has been working with him since he was a pup. He was the best dog he ever had. However, the workers say that the dog smells so bad that they have to leave whenever he’s in Bunk House. This eventually leads up to the point until Carlson tells Candy he must take the dog outside where he will end his misery.Candy, after much persuasion, lets Carlson take the dog away where it is shot. Candy falls into a melancholy because his best friend died. He feels closer to death than ever and then halts his work. Candy’s final summation of discrimination leaves him depressed and friendless. Lennie and George are his best buds since his dog was shot, but they don’t compare. Discrimination takes all the life and sweetness away from Candy. Crooks, being the only black man on the ranch gets some of the most discrimination. Being the 1930’s, blacks were still considered to be unequal and not as smart as white people.Many prejudice thoughts were fired right at Crooks. Crooks is the ranch’s stable man. He works, sleeps, and lives in the stables. Crook also is handicap because a horse kicked him in the back leaving him in a permanent hunched position. Crooks is a great example showing his strength with his mind-over-matter defense. Ranch hands ridicule him but he chooses what he lets bother him and simply ignores them. He is a wise old man that likes his space. He lives separate from everyone else on the ranch. The only people he ever let in his room was Lennie and Slim.He felt a deep connection with Lennie, he felt his innocence. This was the only reason he let him in. When Slim came along, he told Lennie that this was the first time he was ever allowed in Crook's room in years. Crooks is isolated from the workers and is not allow at the main building in the ranch, the Bunk House. The only time we saw him hanging out with the workers besides in the stable was on Christmas when he went out drinking whiskey with them. Crooks is a likable character because he deals with discrimination so well. It almost seems as though he’s had so much of it, that he is immune to it now.Discrimination is definitely showed to Crooks but Crooks doesn’t show any back. Lennie is the perfect target of discrimination throughout the entire book. Everywhere he goes, he is harassed and made fun of. This is to blame to his mental retardation. Being from the 1930’s make it even worse because people didn’t know that he needed help rather than insults. Countless characters take their anger out on Lennie. His biggest enemy is Curley. Curley naturally hates big people because he’s jealous. When Lennie arrives on the ranch he instigates with him immediately.The boss also questions why he doesn’t talk. George takes his side all the time, which is why Lennie always looks up to him. George is there for Lennie when other people don’t understand. However, this puts a lot of stress on George and he eventually lets it out at the campfire when Lennie insists on having ketch up with his beans. What Lennie lacks in intelligence, he has a surplus of in muscle and his great amount of work that he gets done. This saves him from being picked on for being dumb and weak. At least he can defend himself; at least when George is there to tell him.In an optimistic way of looking at it, at least Lennie didn’t die from discrimination abuse but rather lack of confidence and stupidity. The final character that was discriminated was Curley’s wife. From the very first time we meet her, she was considered a tart. All the men on the ranch treated her disrespectfully because she was the sole woman on the ranch. All the men ignored her because they thought she was trashy. They occasionally cracked jokes between Curley and her. Although she wasn’t treated well, sometimes she asked for it.She was very flirty with many of the workers even though she was married. It always seemed like Curley was looking for his wife or vice-versa. She showed her loneliness by trying to talk with George and Lennie. George was like the rest of the workers and paid no attention to her. Lennie likes to talk to her but George warns him. Eventually, when Curley’s wife lets Lennie pet her hair, he gets nervous and accidentally kills her. The discrimination lead her to someone she could talk to, Lennie, which in turn, killed her. This novel teaches the reader several things about discrimination.Most of the books events were based off a discriminating act. It seemed like these ranchers were all mad at someone and wanted to get the blame out on the person they thought were different whether it be Lennie or Crooks or whoever. Discrimination takes its toll on people even if you don’t realize it. It can hurt people who might not know what discrimination means. You should never discriminate anyone based on his or her appearance, intelligence or differences because everyone is different. Everyone has his or her own opinions and beliefs.Steinbeck wants people to see that you are just as different as anyone else and you should learn how to live and flourish in that environment than rather put people down and hate. People are treated worse by the ranch simply because they are different. The discrimination in the ranch took a toll on everyone affected by it. If people were more accepting and aware, people’s lives could have been saved. Steinbeck shows the audience how they can learn and change by noticing how people are affected by discrimination even if they don’t show it in front of you. Discrimination only brings problems and life would be better without it.

Nixon’s “Southern Strategy” and Forces Against Brown

Do you remember your first day of school ? How was it ? Was it scary? I bet going to a segregated school where you were getting all types of looks , its way different the early 1900's. from people judging you about the clothes you were to the style of your hair. This article discusses Richard M . Nixon , the United States President in 1968 gave birth to the modern reform movement through public vouchers and other educational reform measures under his † Southern Strategy † that was designed to gain the votes of individuals who oppose school desegregation . The political activities in school desegregation after Brown by the two major political parties , namely the democrats and the republicans are discussed. President Richard Nixon reacted to the 1971 court decision on Swann verses Charlotte- Mecklenburg school district , a school desegregation case that approved to use of race to assign students to school by the use of busing , by instructing the U.S. justice department to draft a constitutional amendment to nullify the court's decision. (Kruger 1975 ) In my view President Richard Nixon was just trying to get white American votes . Bussing is still going today for example ; where I stay I'm between two elementary school's and you would think that my children could attend both schools but that's not the case . I guess the way the school district resolved the issue was by halving up the neighborhood. Which I consider crazy because back when I was going to school my road in particular wasn't considered a bus stop and our parents were able to choose whichever school .they wanted us to attend . Now , the way they separated the neighborhood the cut off spot or road I should say is the road right before mine . We didn't have that problem because we had to go to the next road anyway to catch the bus the same exact road they use as a cut off for the first elementary school. I think its so selfish how we as a people can't get along enough to join and become equal enough to get an education . I thought that was the reason for the separate but equal doctrine . Opposition to school desegregation was intense from the beginning and continues to this day ; and the results are clear , that is , the whitest American do not support school desegregation ( Jeffries , 1994 ; Motley , 1998 ; Olgetree , 2004). This is so true because In 1970 , Vigor High School on Wilson Avenue , which had been Prichard's white high school during segregation , was 70% white . By 1980 , It was 80% black . Although most of Prichard's remaining majority-white areas were in this district , many families had put their students into parochial or private schools . Before this came about Prichard was predominately white until they move black in the area to work at the paper mill. I totally agree with frank browns argument favoring integration on buses and in all areas of public accommodation and travel . Human beings have struggled with / on centuries to gain equal rights . Western civilization has been characterized by the hegemonic domination by white males. This power structure has frequently and historically excluded women and minorities . In the United States , despite the foundational creed that † all men are created equal , † it has taken centuries of struggle to gain equal rights . Equal rights , of equality before the law , means that all individuals are subject to the same laws of justice. People must be treated equally with / as / for regard to race , gender , national origin , skin color , religion or disability. African Americans were one of the first groups granted equal rights in the United States , through the passage of the 14th Amendment , which outlawed slavery . Achieving equal rights in reality took another century of struggle . Women , as well , although granted the right to vote for / by 1920 , continue to work towards equal rights , most recently through pay equity . Congress should terminate all programs because of the harm they caused minority students. I am so glad they passed the Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 states that No person in the United States shall , on the ground of race , color , or national origin , be excluded from participation in , be denied the benefits of , or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance . Equality means everyone has an identical quantity of everything ; no one is considered superior or inferior. Equality means that all children can grow up and go to school with equal access to the English language here in America . Everyone should be treated as fairly and as worthy of respect and basic rights as their peers from the moment they are born . People being able to be themselves , walking through life with inherent characteristics that should be considered neutral such as ethnicity , skin color , gender , physical disabilities , mental disability without having to face discrimination based on their presence or characteristics.

Cholesteatoma essays

Cholesteatoma essays The chronic middle ear disease known as cholesteatoma is a relatively uncommon and severe disorder. Cholesteatoma may develop at any time or it may be present at birth. The congenital form, which is developed at birth is much more uncommon than the acquired form. In rare instances, a cholesteatoma may form due to skin tissue that is trapped behind the tympanic membrane during fetal development (Pediatric). When this is the case, there is no account of a hole in the eardrum. Nevertheless, the cholesteatoma can be as widespread as the acquired form. These cholesteatomas usually represent small "Pearls" or cysts that are directly attached to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane or one of the ear bones (Pediatric). The other kind of cholesteatoma, which is more frequently seen, develops differently. Acquired cholesteatoma may be caused by a persistent narrowing of the Eustachian tube, eventually pulling the upper part of the eardrum back and forming a sac in the middle ear (Turkington). However this is not the only possible cause for acquired cholesteatoma. The acquired form may also occur because of a tiny hole in the eardrum that allows skin cells of the external ear canal to move into the middle ear (Turkington). A puncture in the tympanic membrane like that one would ordinarily mend without any surgical procedures done. The difference in this situation, however, is that instead of restoring itself in the typical way, the skin of the eardrum extends through the hole into the middle ear. At that point, If infection is present, the skin will continue to grow into the middle ear and will become a tumor of the ear...(Levenson). At this point, the cholesteatoma can begin to expand itself and impairs its surroundings. The cyst as time goes by gets larger and puts pressure on the structures it comes into the contact with damaging them. Since the tumor develops in a s...

Autobiographical Sketch of the Political Career Of John F. Kennedy

Virtually all of my early life revolved around politics, and both my older brother and I understood we were meant for high office. My father, Joseph P. Kennedy often said that his son would be America’s first Catholic president. He would prove to be prophetic. After the war, in 1946, I conducted my first campaign for congress (jfk library n.d.), enlisting the help of my sisters, my mother and my popular grandfather, going door-to-door on crutches as I recovered from my war wounds. I was elected on my first try. My goal from the beginning was the presidency of the United States and I used my family’s money and political connections toward that end. I first had to have a national platform and I chose to seek a seat in the U.S. Senate. I was elected in 1953 and immediately began my assault on the next obstacle. In 1956 I broke a tradition of the Democratic Party by actively seeking the nomination for vice-present on the ticket headed by Adlai Stevenson (White House.gov n.d.). My brother Robert once joked that that I have been saved from that mistake by being denied the nomination, as Stevenson lost to the sitting president, Dwight Eisenhower, in a landslide. Still this honed my political skills and allowed me to build a national base for my assault on the presidential nomination in four years. In 1960 I was elected 35th president of the United States in the closest election ever conducted, narrowly beating out the sitting vice-president, Richard Nixon (ibid). On November 22 of 1963 I made an ill-fated trip to Texas to mend some political fences within the party. I over-rode the advice of my security detail, which wanted me to ride in a limo with a bulletproof canopy. I wanted the crowd to have a better view of my wife and me as we drove past them on the narrow streets of Dallas on a beautiful sunny day.   As we were clear of the downtown canyon shots rang out and I was assassinated as my wife and a cheering crowd looked on in horror. I was the youngest man ever elected president and the youngest man to die in office. Works Cited John F. Kennedy Library and Museum     Biographies and Profiles: Kenneth P. O’Donnell   Retrieved 3-2-08 from: http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/Biographies+and+Profiles/Profiles/Kenneth+P.+ODonnell.htm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The White House  Ã‚   John Kennedy   Retrieved 3-2-08 from: http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jk35.html Autobiographical Sketch of the Political Career Of John F. Kennedy Virtually all of my early life revolved around politics, and both my older brother and I understood we were meant for high office. My father, Joseph P. Kennedy often said that his son would be America’s first Catholic president. He would prove to be prophetic. After the war, in 1946, I conducted my first campaign for congress (jfk library n.d.), enlisting the help of my sisters, my mother and my popular grandfather, going door-to-door on crutches as I recovered from my war wounds. I was elected on my first try. My goal from the beginning was the presidency of the United States and I used my family’s money and political connections toward that end. I first had to have a national platform and I chose to seek a seat in the U.S. Senate. I was elected in 1953 and immediately began my assault on the next obstacle. In 1956 I broke a tradition of the Democratic Party by actively seeking the nomination for vice-present on the ticket headed by Adlai Stevenson (White House.gov n.d.). My brother Robert once joked that that I have been saved from that mistake by being denied the nomination, as Stevenson lost to the sitting president, Dwight Eisenhower, in a landslide. Still this honed my political skills and allowed me to build a national base for my assault on the presidential nomination in four years. In 1960 I was elected 35th president of the United States in the closest election ever conducted, narrowly beating out the sitting vice-president, Richard Nixon (ibid). On November 22 of 1963 I made an ill-fated trip to Texas to mend some political fences within the party. I over-rode the advice of my security detail, which wanted me to ride in a limo with a bulletproof canopy. I wanted the crowd to have a better view of my wife and me as we drove past them on the narrow streets of Dallas on a beautiful sunny day.   As we were clear of the downtown canyon shots rang out and I was assassinated as my wife and a cheering crowd looked on in horror. I was the youngest man ever elected president and the youngest man to die in office. Works Cited John F. Kennedy Library and Museum     Biographies and Profiles: Kenneth P. O’Donnell   Retrieved 3-2-08 from: http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/Biographies+and+Profiles/Profiles/Kenneth+P.+ODonnell.htm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The White House  Ã‚   John Kennedy   Retrieved 3-2-08 from: http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jk35.html

Project risk analysis and assessment in oil and gas industry Essay

Project risk analysis and assessment in oil and gas industry - Essay Example However, the main aim of this paper is to focus on limitations and problems of the tools and techniques of project risk analysis and assessment.   Risk and uncertainty examination has a few limitation and pitfalls in the principal idea. Every one of these strategies makes solid component of intervention and absence of crucial premise in risk and uncertainty examination. These insufficiencies will bring about shameful treatment of uncertainties. Those limits are exhibited here to give the pursuer a reflection on the utilization of current risk and uncertainty investigation in the down to earth instance of the reasonable undertaking stage (Perminova et al, 2008). Focus the discriminating parameter for subject of examination. This basis can be addressed. Sensitivity examination is not vulnerability investigation. Sensitivity just concerns on yield result as adjustment of info parameter. Dubious info parameter is not decided through utilization of sensitivity examination. The investigation on how dubious information parameter is excluded in this investigation. The target of risk and uncertainty examination is to anticipate future execution of dubious noticeable amounts that are not known at the season of examination. Envision the impact of oil stores to combined NPV of a field. In the event that saves has substantial measure of oil contained, venture NPV may be positive. Something else, NPV may be negative on the grounds that cost will be higher than oil deals given that saves are beneath sure measure of worth. Sensitivity investigation is led to explore how oil stores affects NPV. It has nothing to do with how indeterminate the stores, vulner ability of stores beneath certain quality, or total likelihood of stores in the middle of high and low esteem. Sensitivity investigation is not used to focus unverifiable data parameter for risk and uncertainty

Forensic Accounting in Practice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Forensic Accounting in Practice - Research Paper Example Few are discussed below (Davis, 2010). Analytical This refers to the ability of an individual to analyze and interpret current situation with respect to future strategies. This is related with other skills such as detail orientation, responsiveness etc. Analytical skills are applied to different business operations, for instance, forensic accountants are needed to analyze legal documents where analytical skills help them in identifying the fraudulent activities. Intuition Intuition is required to give value added services. This skill is mostly acquired by knowledge, learning and experiences while developing the required capabilities. However, few researchers believe that intuition stems from natural habits and personality of an individual. Intuition is needed by the forensic accountants to improve logical analysis and programmed functioning of mind. For instance, forensic accountants use intuition to make opinions regarding financial reports and also to make linkage between different activities which might give a clue to the final fraud. Team Player This relates to the ability of a professional forensic accountant to work in cooperation with others. Team players are also required to perform the managerial activities such as leading, organizing, motivating etc. The investigations against frauds going in an organization cannot be conducted without an efficient and effective team. For instance, if a team is analyzing the financial statements, trends and ratios of a firm than all the working individuals are required to have clear opinion and consensus about the conclusions. Therefore people who are not good team players cannot coordinate well in such business operations and investigations. Auditing Auditing refers to the official inspection of financial reports and statements. The auditing skill is actually acquired by learning and qualifying the necessary courses for becoming a forensic accountant. However, experience plays a vital role in the overall development of this skill. Huge corporations especially those which are on large scale revenues are needed to conduct financial survey to identify the fraudulent activities. They hire auditors for this purpose and also to ensure the transparency of finances. Research It plays an important role in almost all the business operations but for the forensic accountants it is even more crucial. This is primarily because of the extensive research and investigations required to indentify a financial culprit. Forensic accountants have to be efficient in both primary and secondary research skills to effectively utilize them in different business operations. For instance, when a fraud is identified in an organization then the past activities and financial transactions of the culprit are extensively scrutinized which require the forensic accountant to be exceptionally good at research. 2. Describe the role of a forensic accountant within a courtroom environment. Forensic accounting is getting popularity due to recent cases of fraud such as the one of Enron. The role of a forensic accountant is changing dramatically with respect to the courtroom environment. Since major part of the fraud investigations depends upon accounts therefore accountants must be able to present their view point supported with evidence in courts. These evidences are then evaluated by the lawyers, juries, attorney and judges (Stuart, 2006). Following is a brief description of forensic accountan

FMRI Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FMRI - Coursework Example (BME, 2007). The third category of products offered by financial institutions is investment funds. These accumulate assets from investors and invest the assets in a diversified pool of assets. According to BME consulting report of 2007, investment funds can be classified as equity fund, bond funds, balanced funds, money market funds, real estate funds and other funds such as hedge funds. (BME, 2007). The other product is the life insurance. This product is among the largest net asset pools of consumers in the European market. UK is the largest market in Europe in relation to total life insurance provisions. (BME, 2007). Derivatives are the other category of investments issued by financial institutions. â€Å"Derivatives are special non-standardized instruments tailored to meet the different investment strategies and needs of consumers.† (BME, 2007) There are mainly two types of derivatives. They are warrants and certificates. Lastly, there is a private equity. Consumers consider this class of assets better than public equity since the liquidity and transparency level is lower, and is a more established class of assets. (BME, 2007). From a report by the Bank of England, with an increase in interest rate, consumers will shift their investments to suit their risk attitudes. If the rise in interest rate reduces their level of earnings, investors will opt to sell their assets and invest in a different category that will maximize their earnings. For example, a rise in interest rate of bonds will lead to a fall in its price. With this, investors will tend to sell their bonds before maturity and reinvest in securities with a lower prevailing interest rate. On the same report, savings have a direct relationship with changes in interest, whereas investments have an indirect or negative relationship. The increase in interest will make savings more attractive and reduce greatly on borrowings. This is because the rate of borrowing will increase and the income from

The Use Of Market Research Marketing Essay

The Use Of Market Research Marketing Essay Introduction The use of market research is essential to marketers as it is a descriptive and diagnostic tool that allows marketers to understand the complexities of the market. It forms a very important component of market strategy and solving specific market problems. The use of both quantitative and qualitative research methods results in decisions that can take the form of marketing plans and strategies. These results ultimately influence the outcomes of strategic marketing decisions and outcomes that match the marketing goals. The application of these two research methods have different uses as quantitative research methods focuses on statistical data and in which surveys and questionnaires are commonly used. Qualitative research methods focus on the reasons behind behaviours such as why and look to target the attitudes and emotions behind the behaviours that quantitative research often shows ,with focus groups and interviews often being used. The results from these methods are often linked t o the practical use of research methods as results can vary depending on the size, quality, type of method and the skill of the practitioner. The roles of these two research methods and their practical application in finding valid results in market research will be supported below through journal articles and references, which will further show the importance that the effective use of market research methods in various situations is essential in finding valid results that are fundamentally important to marketers today. Overview of research methods and their uses Traditional methods of market research often focused on quantitative results and practices, which although were adequate in finding valid research results, could not adapt well to the changing market and business environments during the 1950s and 60s and in turbulent market situations at the time. It was clear that research methods needed to be improved and as noted in Wilson (1952), The application of qualitative methods would allow a more informed opinion to be gathered on the market, which would be well suited to the changing market situations at the time. Despite the value that qualitative research can bring, there is still a general trend in the dominance of Quantitative methods used by marketers and even in academia where qualitative methods are seen by some with ambivalence and a field with which successful people do not want to be associated with. Ruyter Scholl (1998). Due to this prevailing dominance among marketers, most market research carried out by contemporary organisa tions usually is a triangulation or combination of primarily quantitative techniques with some secondary qualitative methods to complement the research results. Ruyter Scholl (1998). Qualitative methods are best used when conducting exploratory research, when businesses need to understand the behaviour of consumers and formulate ideas and theories as to why consumers think in particular ways. To substantiate qualitative results, Quantitative techniques are used to provide hard evidence behind these ideas and theories and to represent numerically and statistically the resulting research outcomes. Not all marketers however triangulate these techniques and most will only use a methodology which is most appropriate in solving the research problem. Effectiveness in finding valid research results While both these methods have uses in finding valid research results, the variation in defining the research problems throughout various organisations means that the most appropriate methodology and research design should be used to ensure valid results , rather than results that would lack meaning through a bias in using a particular research method. As pointed out in Seymour (1989) , research techniques and their thoughtful application can be the vehicle by which we progress to wisdom. That is, the real worth of a technique is embedded in its ability to produce useful information (i.e., wisdom) in response to a specific problem. Seymour (1989). To ensure that results from market research is valid , a triangulation of methods and techniques should be considered and applied to the research of relevant markets and situations which would ensure results that are both valid, and paint a clear picture of the market environment. This triangulation of methods successful use in finding valid results is seen in Kitchell (1995) where the study conducted attempted to find the links between the importance of a strong corporate culture and the adoption of new technology in conjunction with the issues faced with maintaining a competitive position. This was undertaken with both quantitative and qualitative research techniques. Both methods results were broadly consistent with each other in finding that fostering a stronger corporate culture allowed a more stable innovation and technology adoption which led to long term survival and adaption in market environments. This study has shown insights into how both qualitative and quantitative data can mutually enrich each other in market research as this triangulation of methods allowed valid research outcomes that would not have been seen if only one research method was primarily utilized. The results seen in this study correlate with those undertaken by Deshpande (1983) which explains that more valid results can be seen in market research with a combination of aspects between quantitative and qualitative methodologies. While using a triangulation of methods, the weaknesses and strengths of each technique would be compensated by the strengths of the other method. Deshpande (1983). Although using a triangulation of methods can typically produce valid and meaningful research results, extensive use of these techniques can be limited to firms with considerable budgets than most. To ensure effective results, defining the research problem and identifying the circumstances to which further research is needed is just as important as choosing the most effective methods suited towards the market environment. Outlined in Goodman (1995), the use of Qualitative techniques can be well suited to theory construction and exploratory market research, which can be seen in his subsequent study of small businesses in a changing market environment. In a study of three small businesses facing changing market conditions and extreme price erosion, qualitative research techniques were largely employed to determine achievable market strategies. It found that the exploratory nature of their research conducted through focus groups and depth interviews, allowed them to anticipate changes in customer-value perceptions and benchmark themselves against competitors. This successful use of qualitative techniques in this study shows that this methodological approach was particularly well suited towards finding and generating theories in a changing market environment, which was noted above in early qualitative research literature in Wilson (1952). In finding valid results through various methods, it is clear that marketers must not confine themselves through techniques that are only partially appropriate in solving the research problem. The studies noted above successfully found valid results as a result of their methodologies being used effectively due to the nature of the research problem and their applicability in these situations. However as noted in Cahill (1996) , both qualitative and quantitative methods do not have universal applicability and as such, either method might not be suitable for a variety of situations. This means that marketers who entirely use methods of theory verification (quantitative methods) almost exclusively in situations where theory discovery (qualitative methods) was more appropriate, Deshpande(1983), are limiting the validity and reliability of their results by not applying the most appropriate method in solving the research problem .An effective use of market research techniques would be by triangulating aspects of research methodologies and also the choice of a specific technique on whether a quantitative or qualitative method should be decided by the nature of the management and research problems. Seymour (1989).This would eventuate in valid and meaningful results that serve to help the marketer understand the needs of the consumer and market. Limitations of Research methods While both quantitative and qualitative methods have their established uses among marketers, the limitations of each method in finding valid results can be reflected in the essence of these methods. As the quantitative paradigm is firmly placed within the scientific model, the resulting research outcomes are limited to numerical data that can be quantified and summarized into objective hard data. Results gathered by this particular method emphasise reliability and validity, which makes this a dominant method that marketers commonly use throughout the research process. Because of these factors that make up the essence of quantitative research, the use of this method in finding valid research results is limited to validating established theories and the relationships between variables, but also can substantiate qualitative results through a triangulated methodology. Results accumulated from quantitative research are not suited towards theory generation and gaining insight and as such, marketers solely employing this method will miss out on the value that qualitative methods can bring. However, when involved in research that does not need as much insights or deeper data into defining the research problem, quantitative methods can be effective in analysing large amounts of data as outlined in Montgomery (2001). A successful application of quantitative methods was seen when solving internet marketing problems outlined in this study; however the skill of the practitioner in conducting the research was commonly cited as the factor that allowed valid research outcomes. While this study demonstrated a successful primary use of quantitative methods, the limitations of using qualitative methods in defining the same research problem would not be practical as analysing large swathes of data is not an effective use of qualitative methods. This contrast between both quantitative and qualitative methods, reflect the limitations of solely using one of these methods as the natur e of the results produced from each will be fundamentally different. As discussed in Johansson Nonaka(1987), many Japanese market researchers during the 1980s much preferred research that was hands-on and interactive with consumers , and favoured qualitative data which allowed them to gain a distinctive feel for the market. While these qualitative methods lacked the scientific precision of quantitative methods, Japanese firms still had an unequivocal advantage over western based firms as their exclusively qualitative and hands-on methods allowed them to understand consumer behaviour to the point where they were outstripping rival western based firms. However like most western firms looking to increasingly adopt qualitative methods into their research, the Japanese firms are realising that in order to diversify their product ranges in the market they will need to use quantitative methods to ensure entries into newer markets. Johansson Nonaka (1987). This focus on one methodological approach by the Japanese firms, coupled with their extreme focus on their existing products, can represent limitations into finding valid results as their narrow approach would disallow much confirming or validation of theories attained from their qualitative research, especially when entering new markets. Despite these limitations, it can be argued that the Japanese approach to market research allowed them to understand consumer behaviour in such a way that they were able to achieve valid research results even more reliable than western based quantitative methodologies. The limitations of both methods in finding valid results for marketers, has clearly shown that to overcome the relative weaknesses inherent in each method, an effective use of triangulated research methodologies is essential to finding valid research results. Conclusions As evidenced above, valid results in marketing are commonly seen with a triangulation of methodologies and techniques which pertain to the nature of the research problem. The limitations of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies can be compensated by using a triangulated research process, in which the weakness that is evident in each method will be overcome by the strengths of a triangulated methodology. However, marketers dominant use of quantitative methods in their research to which can be only partially appropriate in solving a research problem, serve to limit the reliability for research results that could otherwise be improved through a triangulated methodology. Likewise, it can be said that the dominant use of qualitative methods by Japanese firms could be further enhanced by the integration of quantitative methods into their research which serves to ease the entry into newer markets. The market environment and the nature of the research problem can also affect resear ch outcomes as the method employed can only be somewhat applicable to the nature of the research problem, in which inadequate results may be seen. Furthermore, it is evident that to ensure valid results in market research, it is recommended that a triangulation of methods be used in the most applicable nature of the research problem and environment.

Family Resource Centers Essay -- Social Work Children Papers

Family Resource Centers Half the children in this country live in homes in which one or both parents work. Twelve million children in this country do not have health insurance, and over 4.5% of all children are victims of suspected child abuse or neglect (Doktor and Poertner). Believe it or not, these are all indicators of the demand for Family Resource Centers within our school systems. Many question whether Family Resource Centers are worth the money the state pours into them. However, in serving students, parents and teachers, there should be no question of their significance. Due to The Kentucky Education Reform Act in the early 1990's we have seen the development of Family Resource Centers in Kentucky, and they are fulfilling expectations and serve a valuable purpose in spite of some skepticism. Being a social work major and growing up in a school system under KERA, I know that family resource centers are important and that all parents, students and teachers need to be informed of all the good they do for a community. To address these points we will discuss the purpose of family resource centers the controversy that surround them and their effectiveness. Background of Family Resource Centers Before we can look at the purpose and the controversy around Family Resource Centers, we must first consider their background and what Family Resource Centers are. According to an Orientation Guide for Newly Employed FR/YSC Coordinators published by Morehead State University's College of Education, Family Resource Centers originated in the Kentucky Education Reform Act of 1990. Section 18 of the historical document called for the establishment of a system of statewide coordination of child service agencies though a school base... ... Blocks for Success: States of States Kentucky." Education Week 21.17 (10 Jan 2002):119 Fact Search. Camden Carroll Lib. Morehead State University. 27 Oct 2013. Jones, Doug. Personal Interview. 2.Dec.2013. Messer, David. Personal Interview. 3 Nov. 2013. Rose, Harold. "Preface. "Orientation Guide for Newly Employed FR/YSC Coordinators." Morehead State University College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, May 1991: 1 "Student and Family Support." Kentucky Department of Education: (9 Sept 2003). 3 Nov. 2013 http://www.kentuckyschools.net. Wojciechowski, A. "Assuring the Effective Advanced Degree Nurse as Clinical Education Program Manager." Internet Journal of Advanced Nursing Practice: 5.2 (Jun 2002):43 Academic Search Premier. EBSCO Host. Camden Carroll Lib. Morehead State University. 27 Oct 2013.

Evaluation Essay

Elan Brannan Evaluation Essay October 26, 2012 Toyota Camry vs. Honda Accord All across America millions of people search for a vehicle to keep them safe while driving. But that isn’t all car consumers look for, car buyers want style, comfort, and most importantly a smooth calming ride. For many years consumers have been comparing two top rated cars, the Toyota Camry and the Honda Accord. Both cars excellent in ratings all across the board however, the Toyota Camry is the number one best safety pick in its class.Looking at both cars history one might decide to choose the Camry because of its long list of positives, but the Honda Accord in the recent year has stepped up the quality. The Honda Accord has improved seats, now with better back support along with more space and better views from the windows. All qualities consumers have come to love. The Honda Accord is the best overall sedan when compared to the Toyota Camry. At first look the design of a car can be intriguing and exciting. The Honda Accord does just that by offering sleeker and bolder abilities with the outstanding new technology. Both models offer Bluetooth, hands free calling and audio streaming but Honda has gone well beyond that, also offering SMS text capability, Pandora audio streaming, dual-zone climate control and an eight inch i-MID display†(Halverson). Honda also took the time to redesign the back seats. The seats are now higher so the passenger can have an easier time looking out the window. The 2012 Camry was redesigned to compete with the Honda. Camry’s have always looked boring compared to the bold design of an Accord. According to Halvorson, although the changes were so subtle and evolutionary they might not have even been noticed.The new 2013 design of the Accord does look a slightly more exciting and better proportioned on the outside, with more of a premium look inside. The design of the Camry has put itself back in the race with the Accord. With a better look maybe more customers are stopping to look at the Camry instead. The design of the Honda Accord speaks for itself but there are more advantages car buyers want to take a look at. Fuel economy is another big factor when buying a car. The Toyota Camry beats Honda in fuel economy, a whopping 43 mpg city and 39 highway however, the Accord offers a lot under the hood. The Accord earns an excellent 27/36 mpg with its new direct-injection four-cylinder and continuously variable automatic transmission (CVT), while the four-cylinder Camry gets 25/35 at best. V-6 Accords are especially smart and efficient, with ratings of 21/34, while Camry V-6 models stand at 21/30†(Halverson). For someone who likes a little bit more edge when driving, the Honda is a better choice. When looking at the hybrid models Honda does not yet have anything planned to release to the market until 2014 but they are expected to do well.Camry is not the leader in hybrid cars but they are doing very well right now. Ne vertheless comfort is always must! A comfortable ride can be a deal breaker. Whether it is commuting or taking the kids to a soccer game the new back support technology and more space for your legs is making this car seem perfect. Also, the Honda Accord offers noise control to keep all of those outside noises out for an even more comfortable drive. â€Å"So they’re among the better choices for carrying adults in the back seat.With its rather low beltline and a little more slide glass, the Accord offers a slightly better view outward for those in back-possibly eliminating the need for Dramamine†(Halverson). As for the Toyota Camry, it was proven to be the overall best drive, when it comes to bumps and being on the freeway. The Camry does not have noise control but it does have insulation proven to make the car ride less noisy and the car ride feel more peaceful. Both cars come so close in quality but what about quantity. Which one costs more? Every car can have all the bells and whistles but what is that going to cost?The Honda Accord wins here too, but not by much. The price for a 2012 Honda Accord is $21,680 and the Toyota Camry is $22,055. Looking at both cars they compare quite nicely. Although there are many similarities, the differences are what set these two cars apart. The Toyota Camry is a smoother ride, safer and its fuel economy is amazing. The Honda Accord offers more technology, comfort and better driving capability. Both cars have been recently redesigned and have added upgrades. The Accord is a better car because of its less expensive price and complete package of a car.There is nothing this car doesn’t offer. Yes, the Camry does go beyond safe and reliable but the Accord is not far behind. For the price of a Camry you’re getting safety, but for the price of an Accord you’re getting safety and style (Halverson). Overall the Honda is a better car; the company offers more amenities as well as a more modern feel. B y offering more space and different technology the Honda wins best overall car when compared to Toyota Camry. Works Cited Halverson, Bengt. â€Å"Toyota Camry vs. Honda Accord Compare Cars†. The Car Connection. N. d. September 11, 2012. October 24, 2012.

Cortes Discussion Essay

1. Why is Cortes’ letter a primary source?  2. Is there any information in his letter that he did not actually observe? How do you reconcile this fact with the idea that this is a primary source? Can a document be partially primary and partially secondary? (i.e., written by someone who did not witness the events or experience the emotion?) 3. What can you infer about Cortes’ motives in writing about â€Å"the wonders of Tenochtitlan† and the Aztecs? Why did he choose to write about the topics he addressed in this letter? Who is is intended audience, and how might that have influenced the letter? 4. Using Cortes’ comments in the first two paragraphs, what assumptions can you make about the wealth of the Aztec state? 5. List three characteristics of the Aztec religion. What religious practice did Cortes attempt to do away with? Do you think that he could have been successful? Cortes’ letter is a primary source because he witnessed the events he wrote about first hand. From what I gathered through his writing Cortes did not appear to leave any vital information out as he reported every aspect of the noble city. The way he was able to give his reader, or readers, vivid descriptions of Temixtitlan from the outside in, gives us reassurance that his letter is indeed a primary source. Unfortunately a document cannot be comprised partially primary and partially secondary. Primary accounts are characterized as the direct proof of a period, with material being delivered by eyewitnesses and in this case, Cortes’ time in Temixtitlan. Cortes chose to comprehend the significance of knowing the geology of the domain he wanted to conquer. Clearly, for early explorers knowing the terrain and being able to locate natural resources is the difference between life and death. He also chose certain topics because he is attempting to make his description audience-relatable, and more importantly, he is trying describe the degree of sophistication of this great city. According to the beginning paragraphs you immediately know that Temixtitlan is an exceptional city as Cortes stated the city had many rare and wonderful objects and that he would try to describe the wealth of what he had seen to the best of his ability. The Aztec religion was sacrificial, barbaric, and full of idol worshipping.

Efficacy of the Duty Drawback Scheme Essays

Efficacy of the Duty Drawback Scheme Essays Efficacy of the Duty Drawback Scheme Essay Efficacy of the Duty Drawback Scheme Essay Table of Contents Contents Table of Contents1 Introduction2 Part I The Duty Drawback Scheme3 The Customs Act 19623 Part II Pros and Cons of the Scheme7 Pros7 Cons8 Part III Case Law8 Conclusion10 Bibliography12 Introduction With the primary objective of incentivizing exports, various schemes like Export Oriented Units (EOUs), Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Duty Exemption Entitlement Schemes (DEECs), Manufacture under Bond etc. have been made available by the government to obtain inputs without the payment of customs duty/excise duty or to obtain refund of duty paid on inputs. In case of central excise, manufacturers can avail Cenvat Credit of duty paid on inputs and utilize the same for payment of duty on other goods sold in India, or they can obtain refund. Schemes like manufacture under bond are also available for customs. On similar lines, manufacturers or processors can also avail of Duty Drawback Schemes. Here, the excise duty and customs duty paid on inputs is refunded to the exporter of finished product by way of ‘Duty Drawback’. Section 75 of Customs Act provides for drawback on materials used in manufacture or processing of export product. Under Duty Drawback Schemes, relief of customs and central excise duties suffered on the inputs used in the manufacture of export product is allowed to exporters. The admissible duty drawback amount is paid to exporters by depositing it into their nominated bank account. It may be noted that duty drawback under section 75 is granted when imported materials are used in the manufacture of goods which are then exported, while duty drawback under section 74 is applicable when imported goods are re-exported as it is and the article is easily identifiable. Section 37 of Central Excise Act allows he Central Government to frame rules for purpose of the Act. In exercise of these powers, The Customs and Central Excise Duties Drawback Rules, 1995 have been framed outlining the procedure to be followed for the purpose of grant of duty drawback by the Customs Authorities processing export documentation. In order to fulfill the objectives of this paper, the paper has been structures as follows. Fi rst, I have analysed the rationale behind a duty drawback scheme. Second, I have delved into the statutory provisions dealing with duty drawback schemes and relevant rules. Third, I have made a comparison of the pros and the cons of a duty drawback scheme and finally, I have observed certain principles that have been laid down through case law before making my concluding remarks. Part I The Duty Drawback Scheme Duty drawback schemes, which typically involve a combination of duty rebates and exemptions, are a feature of many countries’ trade regimes. They are used in highly protected, developing economies as means of providing exporters with imported inputs at world prices, and thus increasing their competitiveness, while maintaining the protection on the rest of the economy. An important principle in the levy of customs duty is that the goods should be consumed within the country of importation. If the goods are not so consumed, but are exported out of the country, the cost of export goods gets unduly escalated an account of incidence of customs duty. Therefore to avoid this escalation of price duty drawback schemes seek to remove the impact of customs duty on imported goods which are eventually exported. Eventual exportation may happen due to: A. Goods are sent back to a foreign country Due to non conformity with required specifications * Trade-restrictions in the country of import * Primary purpose of import was temporary retention B. Goods are used in the manufacture of other products meant for export The latest cause for relief of import duty paid is when the goods are ultimately exported. This factor gained greater importance with the establishment of 100% Export Oriented Units where goods manufactured are mainly exported to earn foreign exchange. T he Customs Act 1962 Chapter X of the Customs Act, 1962 deals with various aspects of the duty drawback scheme in India. Section 74 deals with goods which fall under Category A as described above and Section 75 deals with Category B. In case of goods which were earlier imported on payment of duty and are later sought to be re-exported within a specified period, customs duty paid at the time of import of the goods with certain cut can be claimed as duty drawback by the exporter at the time of export of such goods. Such duty drawback is granted in terms of Section 74 of the Customs Act, 1962 read with Re-export of Imported Goods (Drawback of Customs Duty) Rules, 1995. For this purpose, at the time of import, the identity particulars of the goods are recorded at the time of examination of import goods; at the time of export, cross verification of the goods under export is done with the help of related import documents to ascertain whether the goods under export are the very ones which were imported earlier. Where the goods are not put into use after import, 98% of duty drawback is admissible at the maximum under Section 74 of the Customs Act, 1962. In cases where the goods are put into use in India after import but prior to its export, duty drawback is granted on a sliding scale basis depending upon the extent of use of the goods. No duty drawback is available if the goods are put into use for a period exceeding 36 months after import. Application for duty drawback is required to be made within 3 months from the date of export of goods. If the primary elements of Section 74 as highlighted in the relevant footnote are satisfied, then the export goods are entitled to a payment of drawback of an amount equal to 98%. However, there are certain external factors which can affect the relevant conditions. As a corollary to this proposition, it would follow that the rate fixed by the Government would be applicable for a prescribed period only. If there is a) any variation in the rate of duty paid on the input whether customs or excise duty b) variation in the composition of the final product and c) change in the process of manufacture the rate of duty already fixed by the Government would not be applicable. It would require to be revised. The fixation of a rate of drawback is, therefore a continuous process and the industry availing of such facility of drawback is required to furnish continuously its costing and production data to the organization entrusted with the responsibility of fixation of rates of drawback. It will be noticed that in the case of drawback under section 74 the amount of drawback was related to the actual duty paid on the goods. It did not have any correlation to either the valuation of the goods at the time of exportation or the prevailing rates of duty on the goods at the time of export. However, in the case of section 75 drawbacks, since the identity of the inputs which have suffered customs or excise duty as the case may be, is extinguished in the final product, there has been a necessity to correlate the grant of drawback with the value of the goods exported. It has therefore been prescribed under proviso to section 75(1) of the Customs Act that no drawback of duty shall be allowed under this section if: * the export value of the finished goods or the class of goods is less than the value of the imported material used in the manufacture or processing of such goods or carrying out any operation on such goods or class of goods: or * the export value is not more than such percentage of the value of the imported materials used in 1he manufacture or processing of such goods or carrying out any operation on such goods or class of goods as may be notified by the Central Government; or * any drawback has been allowed on any goods and the sale proceeds in respect of such goods are not received by or on behalf of the exporter in India within the time allowed under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA). In such a case, the drawback shall be deemed never to have been allowed and the Central Government may, by rules made under sub-section ( 2) specify the procedure for the recovery or adjustment of the amount of such drawback. Under Duty Drawback Scheme, an exporter can opt for either a) All Industry Rate (AIR) of Duty Drawback Scheme or b) Brand Rate of Duty Drawback Scheme Major portion of Duty Drawback is paid through AIR Duty Drawback Scheme which essentially attempts to compensate exporters of various export commodities for average incidence of Customs and Central Excise duties suffered on the inputs used in their manufacture. Brand rate of duty drawback is granted in terms of the Customs and Central Excise Duties Drawback Rules, 1995 in cases where the export product does not have any AIR or duty drawback rate, or where the AIR duty drawback rate notified is considered by the exporter insufficient to compensate for the Customs/Central Excise duties suffered on inputs used in the manufacture of export products. For goods having an AIR the brand rate facility to particular exporters is available only if it is established that the compensation by AIR is less than 80% of the actual duties suffered in the manufacture of the export goods. Part II Pros and Cons of the Scheme Pros The principal method of encouraging the export of goods has been the drawback of customs and the central excise duties on goods manufactured out of customs duty paid and/or central excise duty paid on inputs or raw materials. The Duty drawback schemes are used in highly protected economies as means to provide exporters of manufactured goods with imported inputs at world prices and thus increasing their profitability, while maintaining the protection for domestic industries that compete with imports. The choice of export drawbacks is reinforced by international regulations, namely that GATT rules out the use of direct export subsidies, but allows the use of drawbacks. If export was not there, there would be no manufacture of the goods now being manufactured. So there would be no duty collected also. Duty exemptions increase the competitiveness and efficiency of the economy. In the absence of duty drawbacks the protection of import competing firms is in general positive, while that of export competing firms is negative. This is because export competing firms face world prices while domestic competing firms are protected by tariffs on final goods. Duty drawbacks reduce the Effective Rates of Protection (ERPs) for export competing firms to 0 which allows export producers to operate at world prices, and halve the standard deviation in ERPs, which in turn increases the efficiency of the economy. Cons * A duty drawback scheme is an obvious and direct loss of government revenue * Creates opportunity for cheating and abuse * Absorbs administrative resources for its implementation * Drawbacks do not offset non-tariff barriers against imported inputs The implementation of Duty Drawback Programs in developing countries has not fared very well for various reasons such as * administrative weaknesses in customs administration, * poor statistical infrastructure, failure of the government to reimburse pre-paid duties because of financial difficulties Part III Case Law It is important to bear in mind the distinction between Section 74 and Section 75. Section 74 of the Customs Act comes into operation when articles are imported and there upon exported, such articles being easily identifiable. Section 75 on the other hand comes into operation when imported materials are used in the manufacture of goods which are exported. The Government of Andhra Pradesh floated an international tender for the transportation of a monolithic Buddha statue. The statue was required to be transported from Raigir, Nalgonda District, to the foreshore of Hussain Sagar Lake, Hyderabad, where it was to be installed. The transportation of this monolithic statue was a highly technical work and a special equipment for transportation as well as special lifting and erection equipment called Hydra-jack was required. This Hydra-jack was imported from a firm in Holland on hire. The equipment was imported on a customs clearance permit on an undertaking to export the equipment within a specified period. However, the job of installation of statue in the rock at the centre of the lake could not be completed as during transportation of the statue from the shore to the central rock, the statue sank in the lake. The Hydra-jack was therefore shipped back to the suppliers from whom it was hired. A claim for drawback under section 74 of Customs Act was made claiming drawback of 98% of the total duty paid in respect of the goods. The Assistant Commissioner however allowed drawback only at the rate of 85% of the total import duty paid. The question that needed to be determined is whether the drawback is to be granted at 98% or 85% as has been allowed by the department. The Delhi High Court held that the reduction in the rate of drawback was applicable in case where the goods had been used after importation and this reduction was sanctified in accordance with a notification issued under section 74 prescribing the rates of drawback admissible in case of goods used in India before their re- export. In deciding the matter, the court took a clear view that whether the jack in question was used or not is a question of fact. Since the statue did not reach the central rock where the statue had to be hoisted for installation, it is clear that the Hydra-jack could not be used in India. The Court held that in these circumstances, the drawback was admissible under section 74. In another famous case Commissioner of Customs Vs. India Steel Industries, it was held that rules of interpretation in tariff need not be extended to interpretation of classification under the Drawback Rules. In this case the contention was regarding schedule II to Customs and Central Excise Drawback Rules. Two entries which were under the scanner were entry 3606 and entry 3803 The issue was whether the words â€Å"all types† occurring in the entry against 3606 referred to â€Å"steel bars† alone or qualified the next nomenclature of â€Å"shaftings†. In the Customs Tariff, a clear distinction is made between bars and shaftings. The department argued that in the commercial parlance, bars were not known to be made up of stainless steel and shaftings did not come under the same category as bars. It was therefore, argued by the department that shafting would appropriately fall under the description of articles made of stainless steel including stainless steel castings. The Government of India held that the words â€Å"all types† did not refer to dimensional distinction alone but referred to the nature of the material used such as mild steel, carbon austenitic steel etc. It was further held that the rules of the interpretation of a tariff would not apply to rules of interpretation of the entries to the Schedule II to drawback rules, but they would have persuasive value. It was further held when two different descriptions or words are used, it would be necessary to give them the natural and separate meaning to make them meaningful. In LVT Products v. CC, it was held that there is no provision for refund of import duty, if imported goods are re-exported. The assessee can only claim duty drawback u/s 74. Conclusion While in many countries duty drawbacks have not been implemented successfully, largely due to administrative weaknesses, in others these schemes have been very effective in opening up export-oriented sectors by overriding existing protection. In China, duty exemptions at the point of entry have been an essential part of the country’s export processing system and trade reform process. As far as India is concerned, on a theoretical analysis as shown above it is evident that duty drawback schemes are an effective mechanism to encourage exporters to exports goods to foreign countries. Moreover, it also acts as an effective safeguard in cases where the exporter has to send back goods due to extraneous circumstances. From the standpoint of the State-Exporter relationship it is like a reward that that state is giving to the exporter for his contribution towards the increase in export. As pointed out earlier, if imported goods are not consumed, but are exported out of the country, the cost of export goods gets unduly escalated an account of incidence of customs duty. Therefore to avoid this escalation of price duty drawback schemes seek to remove the impact of customs duty on imported goods which are eventually exported. To conclude it can be said that keeping aside the administrative hiccups in making the implementation of duty drawback schemes effective, it would not be wrong to say that these schemes can and have shown tremendous potential to enhance exports. Bibliography BOOKS 1. B. Seyoum, Export-Import Theory, Practice, and Procedures (2nd Edn. , London: Routledge, 2009) 2. B. N. Gururaj, Guide to Customs Act (1st edn. , Nagpur: Wadhwa Publications, 2003) 3. R. K. Jain, Central Customs Law Manual (43rd edn. , New Delhi: Centax Publications, 2011) 4. R. K. Jain, Central Excise Law Manual (53rd edn. , New Delhi: Centax Publications, 2011) ARTICLES 1. A. Panagariya, â€Å"Input tariffs, duty drawbacks, and tariff reforms†, 32(1-2) Journal of International Economics, 131-147 (1992). 2. E. Ianchovichina, â€Å"Trade policy analysis in the presence of duty drawbacks†, 26(3) Journal of Policy Modelling, 353-371 (2004). 3. R. Wade, â€Å"How to Protect Exports from Protection: Taiwans Duty Drawback Scheme†, 14(3) The World Economy, 299-309 (1991). 4. T. P. Harrison, â€Å"Principles for the Strategic Design of Supply Chains†, 62(1) International Series in Operations Research ; Management Science, 3-12 (2004). 5. H. C. Oh and I. A. Karimi, â€Å"Global multiproduct production– Distribution planning with duty drawbacks†, 52(2) American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal, 595-610 (2006). 6. M. Olarreaga, O. Cadot et al. , â€Å"Can Duty Drawbacks Have a Protectionist Bias? † World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2523 (2001). WEBSITES 1. www. indlaw. com 2. www. jstor. com 3. www. manupatra. com 4. www. taxindiaonline. com 5. www. web. worldbank. org [ 2 ]. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, Duty Drawbacks sourced from http://220. 227. 161. 86/18917sm_finalnew_idtl_customs_cp11. pdf (December 5, 2011). [ 3 ]. DRAWBACK scheme [ 4 ]. The rules govern the drawback in cases of export of imported goods as it is and also in cases where the goods imported are used as inputs for producing a final product which is ultimately exported. [ 5 ]. Sourced from, taxindiaonline. com/RC2/pdfdocs/cm/cm22a. pdf (December 5, 2011). [ 6 ]. E. Ianchovichina, â€Å"Trade policy analysis in the presence of duty drawbacks†, 26(3) Journal of Policy Modelling, 353-371 (2004) at 355. [ 7 ]. SECTION 74: Drawback allowable on re-export of duty-paid goods. 1) When any goods capable of being easily identified which have been imported into India and upon which [any duty has been paid on importation, i. are entered for export and the proper officer makes an order permitting clearance and loading of the goods for exportation under section 51; or ii. are to be exported as baggage and the owner of such baggage, for the purpose of clearing it, makes a declaration of its contents to the proper officer under section 77 (which declaration shall be deemed to be an entry for export for the purposes of this section) and such officer makes an order permitting clearance of the goods for exportation; or iii. re entered for export by post under section 82 and the proper officer makes an order permitting clearance of the goods for exportation, ninety-eight per cent of such duty shall, except as otherwise hereinafter provided, be re-paid as drawback, if -] a. the goods are identified to the satisfaction of the [Assistant Commissioner of Customs or Deputy Commissioner of Customs] as the goods which were imported; and b. the goods are entered for export within two years from the date of payment of duty on the importation thereof : Provided that in any particular case the aforesaid period of two years may, on sufficient cause being shown, be ex tended by the Board by such further period as it may deem fit. 2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), the rate of drawback in the case of goods which have been used after the importation thereof shall be such as the Central Government, having regard to the duration of use, depreciation in value and other relevant circumstances, may, by notification in the Official Gazette, fix. [(3) The Central Government may make rules for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this section and, in particular, such rules may - a. provide for the manner in which the identity of goods imported in different consignments which are ordinarily stored together in bulk, may be established; b. specify the goods which shall be deemed to be not capable of being easily identified; and c. provide for the manner and the time within which a claim for payment of drawback is to be filed. ] (4) For the purposes of this section a. oods shall be deemed to have been entered for export on the date with reference to which the rate of duty is calculated under section 16; b. in the case of goods assessed to duty provisionally under section 18, the date of payment of the provisional duty shall be deemed to be the date of payment of duty. [ 8 ]. SECTION 75: Drawback on imported materials used in the manufacture of goods which are exported (1) Where it appears to the Central Government that in respect of goods of any class or description [manufactured, processed or on which any operation has been carried out in India] [, being goods which have been entered for export and in respect of which an order permitting the clearance and loading hereof for exportation has been made under section 51 by the proper officer,] [or being goods entered for export by post under section 82 and in respect of which an order permitting clearance for exportation has been made by the proper officer], a drawback should be allowed of duties of customs chargeable under this Act on any imported material s of a class or description used in the [manufacture or processing of such goods or carrying out any operation on such goods], the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, direct that drawback shall be allowed in respect of such goods in accordance with, and subject to, the rules made under sub-section (2). Provided that no drawback shall be allowed under this sub-section in respect of any of the aforesaid goods which the Central Government may, by rules made under sub-section (2), specify, if the export value of such goods or class of goods is less than the value of the imported materials used in the [manufacture or processing of such goods or carrying out any operation on such goods] or class of goods, or is not more than such percentage of the value of the imported materials used in the [manufacture or processing of such goods or carrying out any operation on such goods] or class of goods as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazet te, specify in this behalf : Provided further that where any drawback has been allowed on any goods under this sub-section and the sale proceeds in respect of such goods are not received by or on behalf of the exporter in India within the time allowed under the [Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (42 of 1999)], such drawback shall be deemed never to have been allowed and the Central Government may, by rules made under sub-section (2), specify the procedure for the recovery or adjustment of the amount of such drawback. ] (1A) Where it appears to the Central Government that the quantity of a particular material imported into India is more than the total quantity of like material that has been used in the goods [manufactured, processed or on which any operation has been carried out in India] and exported outside India, then, the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare that so much of the material as is contained in the goods exported shall, for the p urpose of sub-section (1), be deemed to be imported material. ] (2) The Central Government may make rules for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of sub-section (1) and, in particular, such rules may provide – a. for the payment of drawback equal to the amount of duty actually paid on the imported materials used in the manufacture or processing of the goods or carrying out any operation on the goods or as is specified in the rules as the average amount of duty paid on the materials of that class or description used in the manufacture or processing of export goods or carrying out any operation on export goods of that class or description either by manufacturers generally or by persons processing or carrying on any operation generally or by any particular manufacturer or particular person carrying on any process or other operation, and interest if any payable thereon;] aa. for specifying the goods in respect of which no drawback shall be allowed; ab. for specifying the p rocedure for recovery or adjustment of the amount of any drawback which had been allowed under sub-section (1) [or interest chargeable thereon]; b. for the production of such certificates, documents and other evidence in support of each claim of drawback as may be necessary; c. or requiring the [manufacturer or the person carrying on any process or other operation] to give access to every part of his manufactory to any officer of customs specially authorised in this behalf by the [Assistant Commissioner of Customs or Deputy Commissioner of Customs] to enable such authorised officer to inspect the processes of [manufacture, process or any other operation carried out] and to verify by actual check or otherwise the statements made in support of the claim for drawback. d. for the manner and the time within which the claim for payment of drawback may be filed;] [(3) The power to make rules conferred by sub-section (2) shall include the power to give drawback with retrospective effect fro m a date not earlier than the date of changes in the rates of duty on inputs used in the export goods. ] [ 9 ]. A. Panagariya, â€Å"Input tariffs, duty drawbacks, and tariff reforms†, 32(1) Journal of International Economics, 131-147 (1992) at 137. [ 10 ]. See Generally, Supra, note 8. [ 11 ]. Supra note1. [ 12 ]. Supra note 4. [ 13 ]. Rules 6 7, The Customs and Central Excise Duties Drawback Rules, 1995. [ 14 ]. Supra note 4. [ 15 ]. Sourced from, http://web. worldbank. org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/TRADE/0,,contentMDK:20540524~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:239071,00. html (December 12, 2011). [ 16 ]. Supra note 5, at 357. [ 17 ]. ABC India Ltd. v. UOI 1992(61) ELT 205 (Del HC). [ 18 ]. Supra note 1. [ 19 ]. All type of bright steel bars and shaftings Rs. 395/- PMT [ 20 ]. Articles made of stainless steel including stainless Rs . 890/- PMT steel castings, not otherwise specified, made of austenitic variety of stainless steel [ 21 ]. 1998(103) ELT 663 (CEGAT).